Features
Democracy a Global Sine-Qua-Non Social-Liberal-Electoral or Whatever
by Kumar David
Apologies for the untidy title where I have coupled democracy with descriptors that convey different implications. Social-democracy underscores livelihood concerns and the circumstances of the underprivileged. Liberal-democracy is about freedom of expression, the rule-of-law, Hobbes, Locke and all that. The simplest minimum is Electoral Democracy which demands free and fair elections and change of government by universal suffrage. We must reject all contrivances that cramp freedom – fascisms, one party states, presidents who hang-on for decades like Stalins, Hitlers, Mobutus, Idi Amins, Pinochets and such like. I don’t want to get dragged into classifying Lenin and Chairman Mao – the issues are too complex.
To get on with my topic: The present is an excellent conjuncture in which to examine a dramatic shift in global events. The post-WW2 world order, dominated by the United States and its Western European allies plus Japan and a few Anglophone states is unravelling because of a catastrophe in the Middle East (Palestine/Israel) and defeat in the Ukraine.
Nobody in his right senses including that blabbering dotard in the White House now see any possibility of a lasting solution in the Middle East except by the creation of a Palestinian state alongside Israel whose right to continued existence I do not contest. Obama went out of his way to issue a long statement a few days ago pressing for a ‘Two State’ solution. The Islamic world is aflame and even South American countries Chile, Columbia and Bolivia have cut diplomatic ties with Israel. My regular readers will legitimately expect me to devote an essay to this global transformation, so here goes.
Hamas’s attack was terrorist – those who perished were civilians and bystanders – but it scored a political victory by humiliating Israel’s military and its intelligence agencies. In its response Israel is guilty of war crimes in plain sight; it is genocide, and ethnic cleansing is a crime against humanity. More than 10,000 have been killed, hospitals bombed, staff of UN Agencies decimated and a child is killed every ten minutes by Israel’s brave military.
Israel seeks to drive about two million Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank out their homes and livelihoods. Some Jews say in private that the Palestinians are a problem and should be removed to some other place. The whole of the Abrahamic expanse is the Holy Land promised by God in the Old Testament to his Chosen People, the Children of God, the land of Moses and the Prophets, the site of the Temple of Solomon and their home since return from Babylonian Captivity.
Some Jews do not see this as genocidal or a war crime but as the fulfillment of prophesy; such is the supremacy of religion in the human mind. In a televised nation-wide TV broadcast at the end of October Netanyahu called the Palestinians “Amalek”, a term unfamiliar to those who are not -Jews, so here is the relevant Biblical quotation from I–Samuel 15.3: “Now go and smite the Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and spare them not; but slay both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass”. Israel’s genocidal intentions could not be more vivid!
The Role of the United States
The USA is a Jekyll and Hyde split-personality if one contrasts its democratic internal polity and the global reach of its military and financial might. Despite obvious limitations internally, it is a democracy from Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation (1863), a Dr Jekyll. Free elections, a free press, right to dissent and protest, an elected Congress, a constitutionally empowered Judiciary. But good heavens internationally its Mr Hyde persona is astounding. It has 170,000 troops and top of the range hardware (nuclear weapons, aircraft carriers and star-wars technology) stationed overseas.
Its military dominates the world with mighty overreach. The number of coups that the CIA has engineered overseas, mostly in Central and South America, are legion, plus numerous attempts to assassinate Castro including at the instigation of President Kennedy and his brother Attorney General Robert with whom JFK also shared some spicy delicacies.
Wikipedia estimates that the US has overthrown 64 foreign governments. Right now it is hand in glove with the Netanyahu Government to carry out overt genocide of the Palestinians. Though it is obscene and oxymoronic to call Israel fascist, no sensible person, many Jews in the US included deny that it is a party to ethnic cleansing. But damn! Between the US and Israel who is the leader who the disciple? Israel does not count for a fart without American armaments, nuclear knowhow and advanced technology, not to mention trillions of dollars of congressionally approved financial grants.
Israel is nothing without America, but the interesting question is whether it is an essential tool for the furtherance of the strategies of US imperialism in the global arena. Remember Goethe’s story of an arrogant “Sorcerer’s Apprentice”, a novice who arrogates to himself tasks for which he is unfit while the master is otherwise busy? Yes, it seems oxymoronic to call Israel fascist but there is no denying that its actions in Palestine after the Hamas terrorist attack of October 7 is genocide, a war crime and a violation of human rights. See the attached map of how the homelands of the Palestinian people have shrunk (ethnic cleansing) from 1948 to today.
Now to the crux of the contradiction. Can the US be described as undemocratic? As I said a moment ago despite limitations it is a democracy – free elections, a free press, right to dissent and protest, an elected Congress, a constitutionally empowered Judiciary. My point is that despite limitations (gun-trotting cops, throttling of blacks, FBI overreach, Trump intoxicated MEGA-mania, insane gun violence and more), American society is in the final analysis is, internally, a capitalist liberal democracy. Another dichotomy is well illustrated by the fact that 89% of US Congressmen and women, including progressives like Bernie Sanders, hold dual US-Israeli citizenship. The first page of a list of dual citizens is reproduced with this article.
Strategic Topics
This essay has given much attention to strategic concerns which I will round off by commenting on six important additional matters.
· The Hamas attack and Israel’s response have focused the attention of not just the Middle East and Muslims but the whole world on the Palestine-Israel tinder box. The US is in hot water at home and abroad, Russia is developing a not yet entirely clear game plan, Iran is threatening to intervene, China has backed the Palestinian cause, the Saudi-US relationship has soured with the former expressing dissatisfaction with America, and even China has condemned the US. Hamas could not have even in its wildest dreams imagined such a windfall!
· Pro-ceasefire and pro-Palestinian rallies on the streets of London, Paris and Washington DC are large and growing. In the capitals of Muslim countries the demonstrations are huge.
· Erdogan referred to “Israeli barbarity”. Turkey’s importance cannot be overstated. It has the second largest army after the US in NATO and the country is an industrial powerhouse whose economy is as large as the UK or France. . Its military exports are huge and varied and include tanks, artillery and drones. It is the world’s largest exporter of military drones whose quality is excellent. Pakistan has expressed its willingness to export nuclear weapons to Turkey. There is some talk of naval cooperation with Russia which is likely and speculation of Turkey providing a pathway for a million Russian troops to crossover into the Middle East which I think is a pipedream.
· Hypersonic missiles: A new generation of missiles packed with on-board electronics have been developed. US technology is obviously the world leader but Russia and China are not far behind. The old ICBMs were “dumb”. Once launched they would follow a path fixed by gravity and the laws of physics and could be intercepted before reaching the target such as an “Iron Dome”, an aircraft carrier, or a population centre. (Some ICBMs split into multiple warheads and made interception more difficult). Hypersonic missiles however weave and twirl. Their on-board electronics makes them elusive and they travel at speeds above Mach 1. They come in many sizes and have had excellent success against tank columns, ships and all sorts of military and civilian targets.
· Compact new fusion (hydrogen) bombs are now under development by the US military in an $8 billion programme to build a gravity bomb called the B61. It is a smallish slim device (about 5ft long and 10in in diameter) to be dropped from an airplane. There will be variants ranging in power from a Hiroshima-Nagasaki 20 kiloton size up to a powerful one megaton (1000 kiloton) device. Obviously they are not intended for full scale war against Russia or China but will be very useful in small theatres like the Middle East.
· Some of my buddies’ muse that Armageddon is round the corner and the Third World War is on the way. I tell them to consult Nostradamus.
The economy
Such massive happening on the strategic side are no doubt accompanied by global financial transformations as well. I do not intend to say anything substantive on the topic. What is hard to miss when you are here (I am temporarily in California for medical reasons) is that ordinary people are finding it hard to get by, especially in the last six months. The most pressing concerns are increasing prices, inability to repay student loans, cutback in child-care support, alarming increase in single-parent families (usually mothers) and a breakdown of marriages. Maybe I will have time to write about this topic before I leave.
by Dr Gotabhya Ranasinghe
Senior Consultant Cardiologist
National Hospital Sri Lanka
When we sought a meeting with Hon Dr. Ramesh Pathirana, Minister of Health, he graciously cleared his busy schedule to accommodate us. Renowned for his attentive listening and deep understanding, Minister Pathirana is dedicated to advancing the health sector. His openness and transparency exemplify the qualities of an exemplary politician and minister.
Dr. Palitha Mahipala, the current Health Secretary, demonstrates both commendable enthusiasm and unwavering support. This combination of attributes makes him a highly compatible colleague for the esteemed Minister of Health.
Our discussion centered on a project that has been in the works for the past 30 years, one that no other minister had managed to advance.
Minister Pathirana, however, recognized the project’s significance and its potential to revolutionize care for heart patients.
The project involves the construction of a state-of-the-art facility at the premises of the National Hospital Colombo. The project’s location within the premises of the National Hospital underscores its importance and relevance to the healthcare infrastructure of the nation.
This facility will include a cardiology building and a tertiary care center, equipped with the latest technology to handle and treat all types of heart-related conditions and surgeries.
Securing funding was a major milestone for this initiative. Minister Pathirana successfully obtained approval for a $40 billion loan from the Asian Development Bank. With the funding in place, the foundation stone is scheduled to be laid in September this year, and construction will begin in January 2025.
This project guarantees a consistent and uninterrupted supply of stents and related medications for heart patients. As a result, patients will have timely access to essential medical supplies during their treatment and recovery. By securing these critical resources, the project aims to enhance patient outcomes, minimize treatment delays, and maintain the highest standards of cardiac care.
Upon its fruition, this monumental building will serve as a beacon of hope and healing, symbolizing the unwavering dedication to improving patient outcomes and fostering a healthier society.We anticipate a future marked by significant progress and positive outcomes in Sri Lanka’s cardiovascular treatment landscape within the foreseeable timeframe.
by Fr. Emmanuel Fernando, OMI
Jesuit Fr. Aloysius Pieris (affectionately called Fr. Aloy) celebrated his 90th birthday on April 9, 2024 and I, as the editor of our Oblate Journal, THE MISSIONARY OBLATE had gone to press by that time. Immediately I decided to publish an article, appreciating the untiring selfless services he continues to offer for inter-Faith dialogue, the renewal of the Catholic Church, his concern for the poor and the suffering Sri Lankan masses and to me, the present writer.
It was in 1988, when I was appointed Director of the Oblate Scholastics at Ampitiya by the then Oblate Provincial Fr. Anselm Silva, that I came to know Fr. Aloy more closely. Knowing well his expertise in matters spiritual, theological, Indological and pastoral, and with the collaborative spirit of my companion-formators, our Oblate Scholastics were sent to Tulana, the Research and Encounter Centre, Kelaniya, of which he is the Founder-Director, for ‘exposure-programmes’ on matters spiritual, biblical, theological and pastoral. Some of these dimensions according to my view and that of my companion-formators, were not available at the National Seminary, Ampitiya.
Ever since that time, our Oblate formators/ accompaniers at the Oblate Scholasticate, Ampitiya , have continued to send our Oblate Scholastics to Tulana Centre for deepening their insights and convictions regarding matters needed to serve the people in today’s context. Fr. Aloy also had tried very enthusiastically with the Oblate team headed by Frs. Oswald Firth and Clement Waidyasekara to begin a Theologate, directed by the Religious Congregations in Sri Lanka, for the contextual formation/ accompaniment of their members. It should very well be a desired goal of the Leaders / Provincials of the Religious Congregations.
Besides being a formator/accompanier at the Oblate Scholasticate, I was entrusted also with the task of editing and publishing our Oblate journal, ‘The Missionary Oblate’. To maintain the quality of the journal I continue to depend on Fr. Aloy for his thought-provoking and stimulating articles on Biblical Spirituality, Biblical Theology and Ecclesiology. I am very grateful to him for his generous assistance. Of late, his writings on renewal of the Church, initiated by Pope St. John XX111 and continued by Pope Francis through the Synodal path, published in our Oblate journal, enable our readers to focus their attention also on the needed renewal in the Catholic Church in Sri Lanka. Fr. Aloy appreciated very much the Synodal path adopted by the Jesuit Pope Francis for the renewal of the Church, rooted very much on prayerful discernment. In my Religious and presbyteral life, Fr.Aloy continues to be my spiritual animator / guide and ongoing formator / acccompanier.
Fr. Aloysius Pieris, BA Hons (Lond), LPh (SHC, India), STL (PFT, Naples), PhD (SLU/VC), ThD (Tilburg), D.Ltt (KU), has been one of the eminent Asian theologians well recognized internationally and one who has lectured and held visiting chairs in many universities both in the West and in the East. Many members of Religious Congregations from Asian countries have benefited from his lectures and guidance in the East Asian Pastoral Institute (EAPI) in Manila, Philippines. He had been a Theologian consulted by the Federation of Asian Bishops’ Conferences for many years. During his professorship at the Gregorian University in Rome, he was called to be a member of a special group of advisers on other religions consulted by Pope Paul VI.
Fr. Aloy is the author of more than 30 books and well over 500 Research Papers. Some of his books and articles have been translated and published in several countries. Among those books, one can find the following: 1) The Genesis of an Asian Theology of Liberation (An Autobiographical Excursus on the Art of Theologising in Asia, 2) An Asian Theology of Liberation, 3) Providential Timeliness of Vatican 11 (a long-overdue halt to a scandalous millennium, 4) Give Vatican 11 a chance, 5) Leadership in the Church, 6) Relishing our faith in working for justice (Themes for study and discussion), 7) A Message meant mainly, not exclusively for Jesuits (Background information necessary for helping Francis renew the Church), 8) Lent in Lanka (Reflections and Resolutions, 9) Love meets wisdom (A Christian Experience of Buddhism, 10) Fire and Water 11) God’s Reign for God’s poor, 12) Our Unhiddden Agenda (How we Jesuits work, pray and form our men). He is also the Editor of two journals, Vagdevi, Journal of Religious Reflection and Dialogue, New Series.
Fr. Aloy has a BA in Pali and Sanskrit from the University of London and a Ph.D in Buddhist Philosophy from the University of Sri Lankan, Vidyodaya Campus. On Nov. 23, 2019, he was awarded the prestigious honorary Doctorate of Literature (D.Litt) by the Chancellor of the University of Kelaniya, the Most Venerable Welamitiyawe Dharmakirthi Sri Kusala Dhamma Thera.
Fr. Aloy continues to be a promoter of Gospel values and virtues. Justice as a constitutive dimension of love and social concern for the downtrodden masses are very much noted in his life and work. He had very much appreciated the commitment of the late Fr. Joseph (Joe) Fernando, the National Director of the Social and Economic Centre (SEDEC) for the poor.
In Sri Lanka, a few religious Congregations – the Good Shepherd Sisters, the Christian Brothers, the Marist Brothers and the Oblates – have invited him to animate their members especially during their Provincial Congresses, Chapters and International Conferences. The mainline Christian Churches also have sought his advice and followed his seminars. I, for one, regret very much, that the Sri Lankan authorities of the Catholic Church –today’s Hierarchy—- have not sought Fr.
Aloy’s expertise for the renewal of the Catholic Church in Sri Lanka and thus have not benefited from the immense store of wisdom and insight that he can offer to our local Church while the Sri Lankan bishops who governed the Catholic church in the immediate aftermath of the Second Vatican Council (Edmund Fernando OMI, Anthony de Saram, Leo Nanayakkara OSB, Frank Marcus Fernando, Paul Perera,) visited him and consulted him on many matters. Among the Tamil Bishops, Bishop Rayappu Joseph was keeping close contact with him and Bishop J. Deogupillai hosted him and his team visiting him after the horrible Black July massacre of Tamils.
Sri Lanka-Singapore Free Trade Agreement
By Gomi Senadhira
senadhiragomi@gmail.com
“You might tell fairy tales, but the progress of a country cannot be achieved through such narratives. A country cannot be developed by making false promises. The country moved backward because of the electoral promises made by political parties throughout time. We have witnessed that the ultimate result of this is the country becoming bankrupt. Unfortunately, many segments of the population have not come to realize this yet.” – President Ranil Wickremesinghe, 2024 Budget speech
Any Sri Lankan would agree with the above words of President Wickremesinghe on the false promises our politicians and officials make and the fairy tales they narrate which bankrupted this country. So, to understand this, let’s look at one such fairy tale with lots of false promises; Ranil Wickremesinghe’s greatest achievement in the area of international trade and investment promotion during the Yahapalana period, Sri Lanka-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (SLSFTA).
It is appropriate and timely to do it now as Finance Minister Wickremesinghe has just presented to parliament a bill on the National Policy on Economic Transformation which includes the establishment of an Office for International Trade and the Sri Lanka Institute of Economics and International Trade.
Was SLSFTA a “Cleverly negotiated Free Trade Agreement” as stated by the (former) Minister of Development Strategies and International Trade Malik Samarawickrama during the Parliamentary Debate on the SLSFTA in July 2018, or a colossal blunder covered up with lies, false promises, and fairy tales? After SLSFTA was signed there were a number of fairy tales published on this agreement by the Ministry of Development Strategies and International, Institute of Policy Studies, and others.
However, for this article, I would like to limit my comments to the speech by Minister Samarawickrama during the Parliamentary Debate, and the two most important areas in the agreement which were covered up with lies, fairy tales, and false promises, namely: revenue loss for Sri Lanka and Investment from Singapore. On the other important area, “Waste products dumping” I do not want to comment here as I have written extensively on the issue.
1. The revenue loss
During the Parliamentary Debate in July 2018, Minister Samarawickrama stated “…. let me reiterate that this FTA with Singapore has been very cleverly negotiated by us…. The liberalisation programme under this FTA has been carefully designed to have the least impact on domestic industry and revenue collection. We have included all revenue sensitive items in the negative list of items which will not be subject to removal of tariff. Therefore, 97.8% revenue from Customs duty is protected. Our tariff liberalisation will take place over a period of 12-15 years! In fact, the revenue earned through tariffs on goods imported from Singapore last year was Rs. 35 billion.
The revenue loss for over the next 15 years due to the FTA is only Rs. 733 million– which when annualised, on average, is just Rs. 51 million. That is just 0.14% per year! So anyone who claims the Singapore FTA causes revenue loss to the Government cannot do basic arithmetic! Mr. Speaker, in conclusion, I call on my fellow members of this House – don’t mislead the public with baseless criticism that is not grounded in facts. Don’t look at petty politics and use these issues for your own political survival.”
I was surprised to read the minister’s speech because an article published in January 2018 in “The Straits Times“, based on information released by the Singaporean Negotiators stated, “…. With the FTA, tariff savings for Singapore exports are estimated to hit $10 million annually“.
As the annual tariff savings (that is the revenue loss for Sri Lanka) calculated by the Singaporean Negotiators, Singaporean $ 10 million (Sri Lankan rupees 1,200 million in 2018) was way above the rupees’ 733 million revenue loss for 15 years estimated by the Sri Lankan negotiators, it was clear to any observer that one of the parties to the agreement had not done the basic arithmetic!
Six years later, according to a report published by “The Morning” newspaper, speaking at the Committee on Public Finance (COPF) on 7th May 2024, Mr Samarawickrama’s chief trade negotiator K.J. Weerasinghehad had admitted “…. that forecasted revenue loss for the Government of Sri Lanka through the Singapore FTA is Rs. 450 million in 2023 and Rs. 1.3 billion in 2024.”
If these numbers are correct, as tariff liberalisation under the SLSFTA has just started, we will pass Rs 2 billion very soon. Then, the question is how Sri Lanka’s trade negotiators made such a colossal blunder. Didn’t they do their basic arithmetic? If they didn’t know how to do basic arithmetic they should have at least done their basic readings. For example, the headline of the article published in The Straits Times in January 2018 was “Singapore, Sri Lanka sign FTA, annual savings of $10m expected”.
Anyway, as Sri Lanka’s chief negotiator reiterated at the COPF meeting that “…. since 99% of the tariffs in Singapore have zero rates of duty, Sri Lanka has agreed on 80% tariff liberalisation over a period of 15 years while expecting Singapore investments to address the imbalance in trade,” let’s turn towards investment.
Investment from Singapore
In July 2018, speaking during the Parliamentary Debate on the FTA this is what Minister Malik Samarawickrama stated on investment from Singapore, “Already, thanks to this FTA, in just the past two-and-a-half months since the agreement came into effect we have received a proposal from Singapore for investment amounting to $ 14.8 billion in an oil refinery for export of petroleum products. In addition, we have proposals for a steel manufacturing plant for exports ($ 1 billion investment), flour milling plant ($ 50 million), sugar refinery ($ 200 million). This adds up to more than $ 16.05 billion in the pipeline on these projects alone.
And all of these projects will create thousands of more jobs for our people. In principle approval has already been granted by the BOI and the investors are awaiting the release of land the environmental approvals to commence the project.
I request the Opposition and those with vested interests to change their narrow-minded thinking and join us to develop our country. We must always look at what is best for the whole community, not just the few who may oppose. We owe it to our people to courageously take decisions that will change their lives for the better.”
According to the media report I quoted earlier, speaking at the Committee on Public Finance (COPF) Chief Negotiator Weerasinghe has admitted that Sri Lanka was not happy with overall Singapore investments that have come in the past few years in return for the trade liberalisation under the Singapore-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement. He has added that between 2021 and 2023 the total investment from Singapore had been around $162 million!
What happened to those projects worth $16 billion negotiated, thanks to the SLSFTA, in just the two-and-a-half months after the agreement came into effect and approved by the BOI? I do not know about the steel manufacturing plant for exports ($ 1 billion investment), flour milling plant ($ 50 million) and sugar refinery ($ 200 million).
However, story of the multibillion-dollar investment in the Petroleum Refinery unfolded in a manner that would qualify it as the best fairy tale with false promises presented by our politicians and the officials, prior to 2019 elections.
Though many Sri Lankans got to know, through the media which repeatedly highlighted a plethora of issues surrounding the project and the questionable credentials of the Singaporean investor, the construction work on the Mirrijiwela Oil Refinery along with the cement factory began on the24th of March 2019 with a bang and Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe and his ministers along with the foreign and local dignitaries laid the foundation stones.
That was few months before the 2019 Presidential elections. Inaugurating the construction work Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe said the projects will create thousands of job opportunities in the area and surrounding districts.
The oil refinery, which was to be built over 200 acres of land, with the capacity to refine 200,000 barrels of crude oil per day, was to generate US$7 billion of exports and create 1,500 direct and 3,000 indirect jobs. The construction of the refinery was to be completed in 44 months. Four years later, in August 2023 the Cabinet of Ministers approved the proposal presented by President Ranil Wickremesinghe to cancel the agreement with the investors of the refinery as the project has not been implemented! Can they explain to the country how much money was wasted to produce that fairy tale?
It is obvious that the President, ministers, and officials had made huge blunders and had deliberately misled the public and the parliament on the revenue loss and potential investment from SLSFTA with fairy tales and false promises.
As the president himself said, a country cannot be developed by making false promises or with fairy tales and these false promises and fairy tales had bankrupted the country. “Unfortunately, many segments of the population have not come to realize this yet”.
(The writer, a specialist and an activist on trade and development issues . )
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