Features
The Beginning of “LIFE” in the universe and formation of “THE MIND”
From The Book titled ‘The Electric Field Theory of the Mind That Triggers Life’ –
by Shantha Athulathmudali
shanthaathulathmudali@outlook.com
The Introduction:
The latest theory that explains how life originated ‘on Earth’, based on microfossils discovered on extraterrestrial debris, hypothesizes the transmission of microscopic living organisms, ‘seeds of life’, from extra-terrestrial bodies on board meteoroids, asteroids, comets and other cosmic debris which after reaching the earth surface began evolution. The theory does not explain how ‘life’ forms from the beginning.
Chemical and Physical interactions for example follow a fixed set of rules determined by the action of electricity and resultant physical equilibrium form different combinations of material and energy with varying properties which are in stark contrast with the materials that combine to produce them.
For example sodium, a highly reactive metal combines with chlorine, a toxic gas to form the compound known chemically as sodium chloride, which is table salt.
What causes the change in the substances is the exchange of electricity among the participant substances sodium and chlorine. Sodium and Potassium are essentially present in the form of ions in living cells to maintain the electrolytic balance in the cell. This gives the idea, perhaps a glimpse, of the extent of the role played by electricity in a living cell. Similarly, electricity plays the major and the initiative role in the formation of ‘life’ and its subsequent evolution.
How in fact does life begin?
“Life begins with an Electric Field” in Association with Water & Botanical Material Life forms as a result of interactions of electric and magnetic field forces associating water, reacting with other external forces in a magnetic environment such as that of the earth’s magnetic field* and other energy fields and mechanical forces such as atmospheric pressure, surface tension of water and gravity. The resultant force ever competes for equilibrium with the combination and participation of other contributory physical exogenous botanical material such as moss and ‘this process’ leads to formation of ‘life’ and subsequent evolution as detailed below.
* The external magnetic field is a vital requirement for formation and evolution of life.
The Dielectric Theory
The electric field that forms ‘life’ requires a medium with the properties for generating and holding a steady electric field for a considerable duration of time. The medium must not be hostile to other exogenous material, in that its chemical content should not breakdown the chemical structure of the other materials, but contribute to originate ‘life’ at protozoan stage being conducive to formation of the required environment for generating and sustaining ‘life’ at every stage of its development as the developing ‘life’ gets chemically and physically more complex.Acidic or highly saline media for instance are hostile environments and the Dead Sea is an example of hostility to life of salinity.
Of paramount importance in the process of forming life is a medium capable of providing a dielectric, i.e. an area of space enveloped in an electric field, with amicable properties such as those of temperature, atmospheric pressure etc. The dielectric, as the second condition paramount, must contain exogenous material amiable, in contributing to formation and sustenance of ‘life’ i.e. botanic material to provide the required physicochemical environment to develop and evolution of life.The only compound which is capable of forming a dielectric comprising the required properties is WATER.
The unique role of ‘WATER’,
What does water do in originating life at the most basic form of taxonomical classification of the phylum, i.e. protozoans?
The answer lies in the ‘Electric Field’ that sets up in natural water due to self-ionization, and the associated ‘Magnetic Field’ set up by the variations of the electric field, in the earth’s magnetic field environment, contributing together to accumulate information from the other energy fields in the environment and effect changes in the exogenous material in the dielectric to gradually originate the unit that responds to light, heat, sound, physical movements and touch and to evolve into more advanced and complex forms of chemical and physical constitutions, over long periods of time to finally reach the human structure.
Molecular arrangement of pure water
Molecules in pure water, interlinked through constant exchange of electricity, about twenty billion (2 x 1013) times per second, are electrically balanced and therefore free of ions. Water, if free of exogenous material will remain electrically 3 neutral. Whereas in ordinary water, ionization takes place due to the interruption of exchange of electrons caused by exogenous material.
Two water molecules going through automatic ionization form a ‘hydroxide’ (OH-) anion, carrying a negative charge, and a ‘hydroxonium’ cation (H3O+), carrying a positive charge and the electric potential sets up an electric environment. i.e. ‘The Dielectric’.
With its high ‘relative permittivity’, called dielectric constant, varying from 88 at 00 to 55 at 1000 of centigrade, water offers the ideal condition for electro static bonds to transmit a steady electric field that hardly changes its electrical properties within the amicable temperature range.
The Dielectric Effect – Transformation by the Electric Field
A steady electric-field formed in a stagnant pool of water harboured from hazardous turbulences, so remains undisturbed, or an environment constantly wet as a rock surface by the sea moistened by the spray, a ravine, a nook constantly wet for examples are locations where undisturbed electric-fields set up. Exogenous material may consist of such chemicals as amino acids and other elements that may form due to the electrical activity in the dielectric or from the atmosphere as produced during lightening.
Ionised water molecules wrap round tiny particles of exogenous material from the dielectric and form millions of microscopic packs in its entirety. Every pack individually possesses its own electric-field termed here as ‘THE MESH’ electric-field and links to the millions of other similar packs through the dielectric electric-field.The dielectric constantly goes through changes in the environment and the resulting fluctuations working on ‘THE MESH’ electric-field constantly change its constitution and generates electric and magnetic field forces, which in association with external forces maintains equilibrium of the microscopic pack. All forces in nature strive to achieve equilibrium and settle at equilibrium.
Continuous delivery of energy on to the packs registers electric messages in the packs and the messages intensify in terms of the electric charge and maintain equilibrium with any necessary internal adjustments by the magnetic field should the supply of energy remains uninterrupted.
The packs will gradually establish a system of records corresponding the electrical changes and generate forces within the packs, in the most basic form, and maintain equilibrium.
A ‘cell’ in formation, i.e. a microscopic pack modulated with the message as explained above, when the charge it carries becomes sufficiently intense, begins responding to changes in the environment.
The system will reach a condition of being able to react to variations in energy levels by way of ‘electric signals’ in response. Subsequent energy level variations disturb the present equilibrium that will in turn disturb the electrical balance and therefore the magnetic field. Then the resulting magnetic field variations will resist because of the external magnetic force such as earth’s magnetic field, which earlier provided stability. Therefore, the external magnetic field plays a vital role in influencing the changes in the internal set up and formation of life.
Equal and opposite action of forces will constantly strive to force the system back to its earlier equilibrium. This constant effort to correct by the internal magnetic field will create a new message pertaining to the effort and be recorded in the message base. If the system does not revert to its original equilibrium, then over time, the necessary physical and or chemical changes within the cell will take place to rectify the condition i.e. to eliminate the disequilibrium. Instrumented by the electric field forces of the message records, such gradual changes are effected by the resultant changes in the magnetic field forces. In this process, demanded by the prevailing conditions, to meet the requirements of energy, a devices to intake material to internally breakdown the compound to maintain equilibrium and locomotion will develop.
Healing effects and animals such as birds and fish using magnetic fields for navigation, for instance, are facts known of magnetism. Same properties and mechanical forces created by magnetic fields come into play when there are disturbances in the cell equilibrium.This is the process, over long periods of time that brings about changes or new development in the setup of ‘life’ so as to maintain continuity of the unit with a solution to the problem, as it were, and be known as Evolution.
While this process works to develop new organs, chemical and physical constitutions etc. for equilibrium, as required by the changing conditions it also works to remove any part which earlier worked to serve the ‘life’ but is no longer required due to a change in the conditions of the environment. Vermiform appendix which is now vestigial in man due to the removal process of the unwanted by the magnetic field action is an example.
The Advancement
The process of advancement begins when the protozoans, the most basic units with characteristics of life i.e. intake of material as food for producing energy within, possessing mobility and propagation, pass down a little more complex electrical message to the generation that follows.As the electric field is modulated with more information at every generation down the line, the resulting magnetic field, strives to effect changes in the physical structure of the creature to suit which results in a more advanced creature to the previous generation making the electrical message too little more complex.
The advancement registered in the electric field in terms of the message modulated into it and transmitted down the line may not immediately be visible in the form of a corresponding physical change in immediately the next generation. The change may appear several generations hence with the intensification of the message and when an advancement in the physical structure is the inevitable solution i.e. fixing the problem by the magnetic field.
Protozoans that form in locations far apart, which may be alike at the beginning, will develop into different creatures due to variations of the influence from the environment.At a more advanced stage of the life system, with the aid of the magnetic field, an information processor and a message storage system develops.
The system thereafter acquires the ability to store electrical information by way of electrical charges in physical locations, as in a computer system, process and react to the environmental changes of light, heat, infra-red radiations, sound, tastes, smells, touch and many other forms of energy signals in the environment. The ‘organs of sense’ i.e. the devices to intake information from the environment develop simultaneously due to the magnetic field action. Read about eyespots on planariansAs the system of ‘life’ develops in this way, as a result of the advancement of the electric and magnetic fields of the developing ‘life systems’, its environment will in turn be influenced by the demands of ‘life’ to change too.
This occurs due to the ‘life system’ information being transferred on to the external magnetic field, which effects the corresponding changes in the environment such as developing new material as food or increase the present supply for example.
The environment will transform gradually to cater to its newly developed needs of the ‘life system’ feeding the propagation and existence of ‘life’, and as always the case with nature, maintaining the equilibrium. Having established equilibrium one system will exert demands on the other for its continuity and vice versa.
Should an imbalance occur due to an adverse effect on the life systems by the environment, as in the case of some of the lives being destroyed, for example by flood, and the environmental condition reoccurs regularly then this condition registers in the information storage system. The information registered burdens the magnetic field of the life system with the task of finding a solution to loss of ‘lives’.
The magnetic field establishes the balance by developing a method to propagating millions of ‘life units’ so that they will spread far and wide so that in case of a hazard, ‘life’ that remains in unaffected areas will continue to propagate. The magnetic field will develop other methods of protection of life as the life system advances in complexity.
by Dr Gotabhya Ranasinghe
Senior Consultant Cardiologist
National Hospital Sri Lanka
When we sought a meeting with Hon Dr. Ramesh Pathirana, Minister of Health, he graciously cleared his busy schedule to accommodate us. Renowned for his attentive listening and deep understanding, Minister Pathirana is dedicated to advancing the health sector. His openness and transparency exemplify the qualities of an exemplary politician and minister.
Dr. Palitha Mahipala, the current Health Secretary, demonstrates both commendable enthusiasm and unwavering support. This combination of attributes makes him a highly compatible colleague for the esteemed Minister of Health.
Our discussion centered on a project that has been in the works for the past 30 years, one that no other minister had managed to advance.
Minister Pathirana, however, recognized the project’s significance and its potential to revolutionize care for heart patients.
The project involves the construction of a state-of-the-art facility at the premises of the National Hospital Colombo. The project’s location within the premises of the National Hospital underscores its importance and relevance to the healthcare infrastructure of the nation.
This facility will include a cardiology building and a tertiary care center, equipped with the latest technology to handle and treat all types of heart-related conditions and surgeries.
Securing funding was a major milestone for this initiative. Minister Pathirana successfully obtained approval for a $40 billion loan from the Asian Development Bank. With the funding in place, the foundation stone is scheduled to be laid in September this year, and construction will begin in January 2025.
This project guarantees a consistent and uninterrupted supply of stents and related medications for heart patients. As a result, patients will have timely access to essential medical supplies during their treatment and recovery. By securing these critical resources, the project aims to enhance patient outcomes, minimize treatment delays, and maintain the highest standards of cardiac care.
Upon its fruition, this monumental building will serve as a beacon of hope and healing, symbolizing the unwavering dedication to improving patient outcomes and fostering a healthier society.We anticipate a future marked by significant progress and positive outcomes in Sri Lanka’s cardiovascular treatment landscape within the foreseeable timeframe.
by Fr. Emmanuel Fernando, OMI
Jesuit Fr. Aloysius Pieris (affectionately called Fr. Aloy) celebrated his 90th birthday on April 9, 2024 and I, as the editor of our Oblate Journal, THE MISSIONARY OBLATE had gone to press by that time. Immediately I decided to publish an article, appreciating the untiring selfless services he continues to offer for inter-Faith dialogue, the renewal of the Catholic Church, his concern for the poor and the suffering Sri Lankan masses and to me, the present writer.
It was in 1988, when I was appointed Director of the Oblate Scholastics at Ampitiya by the then Oblate Provincial Fr. Anselm Silva, that I came to know Fr. Aloy more closely. Knowing well his expertise in matters spiritual, theological, Indological and pastoral, and with the collaborative spirit of my companion-formators, our Oblate Scholastics were sent to Tulana, the Research and Encounter Centre, Kelaniya, of which he is the Founder-Director, for ‘exposure-programmes’ on matters spiritual, biblical, theological and pastoral. Some of these dimensions according to my view and that of my companion-formators, were not available at the National Seminary, Ampitiya.
Ever since that time, our Oblate formators/ accompaniers at the Oblate Scholasticate, Ampitiya , have continued to send our Oblate Scholastics to Tulana Centre for deepening their insights and convictions regarding matters needed to serve the people in today’s context. Fr. Aloy also had tried very enthusiastically with the Oblate team headed by Frs. Oswald Firth and Clement Waidyasekara to begin a Theologate, directed by the Religious Congregations in Sri Lanka, for the contextual formation/ accompaniment of their members. It should very well be a desired goal of the Leaders / Provincials of the Religious Congregations.
Besides being a formator/accompanier at the Oblate Scholasticate, I was entrusted also with the task of editing and publishing our Oblate journal, ‘The Missionary Oblate’. To maintain the quality of the journal I continue to depend on Fr. Aloy for his thought-provoking and stimulating articles on Biblical Spirituality, Biblical Theology and Ecclesiology. I am very grateful to him for his generous assistance. Of late, his writings on renewal of the Church, initiated by Pope St. John XX111 and continued by Pope Francis through the Synodal path, published in our Oblate journal, enable our readers to focus their attention also on the needed renewal in the Catholic Church in Sri Lanka. Fr. Aloy appreciated very much the Synodal path adopted by the Jesuit Pope Francis for the renewal of the Church, rooted very much on prayerful discernment. In my Religious and presbyteral life, Fr.Aloy continues to be my spiritual animator / guide and ongoing formator / acccompanier.
Fr. Aloysius Pieris, BA Hons (Lond), LPh (SHC, India), STL (PFT, Naples), PhD (SLU/VC), ThD (Tilburg), D.Ltt (KU), has been one of the eminent Asian theologians well recognized internationally and one who has lectured and held visiting chairs in many universities both in the West and in the East. Many members of Religious Congregations from Asian countries have benefited from his lectures and guidance in the East Asian Pastoral Institute (EAPI) in Manila, Philippines. He had been a Theologian consulted by the Federation of Asian Bishops’ Conferences for many years. During his professorship at the Gregorian University in Rome, he was called to be a member of a special group of advisers on other religions consulted by Pope Paul VI.
Fr. Aloy is the author of more than 30 books and well over 500 Research Papers. Some of his books and articles have been translated and published in several countries. Among those books, one can find the following: 1) The Genesis of an Asian Theology of Liberation (An Autobiographical Excursus on the Art of Theologising in Asia, 2) An Asian Theology of Liberation, 3) Providential Timeliness of Vatican 11 (a long-overdue halt to a scandalous millennium, 4) Give Vatican 11 a chance, 5) Leadership in the Church, 6) Relishing our faith in working for justice (Themes for study and discussion), 7) A Message meant mainly, not exclusively for Jesuits (Background information necessary for helping Francis renew the Church), 8) Lent in Lanka (Reflections and Resolutions, 9) Love meets wisdom (A Christian Experience of Buddhism, 10) Fire and Water 11) God’s Reign for God’s poor, 12) Our Unhiddden Agenda (How we Jesuits work, pray and form our men). He is also the Editor of two journals, Vagdevi, Journal of Religious Reflection and Dialogue, New Series.
Fr. Aloy has a BA in Pali and Sanskrit from the University of London and a Ph.D in Buddhist Philosophy from the University of Sri Lankan, Vidyodaya Campus. On Nov. 23, 2019, he was awarded the prestigious honorary Doctorate of Literature (D.Litt) by the Chancellor of the University of Kelaniya, the Most Venerable Welamitiyawe Dharmakirthi Sri Kusala Dhamma Thera.
Fr. Aloy continues to be a promoter of Gospel values and virtues. Justice as a constitutive dimension of love and social concern for the downtrodden masses are very much noted in his life and work. He had very much appreciated the commitment of the late Fr. Joseph (Joe) Fernando, the National Director of the Social and Economic Centre (SEDEC) for the poor.
In Sri Lanka, a few religious Congregations – the Good Shepherd Sisters, the Christian Brothers, the Marist Brothers and the Oblates – have invited him to animate their members especially during their Provincial Congresses, Chapters and International Conferences. The mainline Christian Churches also have sought his advice and followed his seminars. I, for one, regret very much, that the Sri Lankan authorities of the Catholic Church –today’s Hierarchy—- have not sought Fr.
Aloy’s expertise for the renewal of the Catholic Church in Sri Lanka and thus have not benefited from the immense store of wisdom and insight that he can offer to our local Church while the Sri Lankan bishops who governed the Catholic church in the immediate aftermath of the Second Vatican Council (Edmund Fernando OMI, Anthony de Saram, Leo Nanayakkara OSB, Frank Marcus Fernando, Paul Perera,) visited him and consulted him on many matters. Among the Tamil Bishops, Bishop Rayappu Joseph was keeping close contact with him and Bishop J. Deogupillai hosted him and his team visiting him after the horrible Black July massacre of Tamils.
Sri Lanka-Singapore Free Trade Agreement
By Gomi Senadhira
senadhiragomi@gmail.com
“You might tell fairy tales, but the progress of a country cannot be achieved through such narratives. A country cannot be developed by making false promises. The country moved backward because of the electoral promises made by political parties throughout time. We have witnessed that the ultimate result of this is the country becoming bankrupt. Unfortunately, many segments of the population have not come to realize this yet.” – President Ranil Wickremesinghe, 2024 Budget speech
Any Sri Lankan would agree with the above words of President Wickremesinghe on the false promises our politicians and officials make and the fairy tales they narrate which bankrupted this country. So, to understand this, let’s look at one such fairy tale with lots of false promises; Ranil Wickremesinghe’s greatest achievement in the area of international trade and investment promotion during the Yahapalana period, Sri Lanka-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (SLSFTA).
It is appropriate and timely to do it now as Finance Minister Wickremesinghe has just presented to parliament a bill on the National Policy on Economic Transformation which includes the establishment of an Office for International Trade and the Sri Lanka Institute of Economics and International Trade.
Was SLSFTA a “Cleverly negotiated Free Trade Agreement” as stated by the (former) Minister of Development Strategies and International Trade Malik Samarawickrama during the Parliamentary Debate on the SLSFTA in July 2018, or a colossal blunder covered up with lies, false promises, and fairy tales? After SLSFTA was signed there were a number of fairy tales published on this agreement by the Ministry of Development Strategies and International, Institute of Policy Studies, and others.
However, for this article, I would like to limit my comments to the speech by Minister Samarawickrama during the Parliamentary Debate, and the two most important areas in the agreement which were covered up with lies, fairy tales, and false promises, namely: revenue loss for Sri Lanka and Investment from Singapore. On the other important area, “Waste products dumping” I do not want to comment here as I have written extensively on the issue.
1. The revenue loss
During the Parliamentary Debate in July 2018, Minister Samarawickrama stated “…. let me reiterate that this FTA with Singapore has been very cleverly negotiated by us…. The liberalisation programme under this FTA has been carefully designed to have the least impact on domestic industry and revenue collection. We have included all revenue sensitive items in the negative list of items which will not be subject to removal of tariff. Therefore, 97.8% revenue from Customs duty is protected. Our tariff liberalisation will take place over a period of 12-15 years! In fact, the revenue earned through tariffs on goods imported from Singapore last year was Rs. 35 billion.
The revenue loss for over the next 15 years due to the FTA is only Rs. 733 million– which when annualised, on average, is just Rs. 51 million. That is just 0.14% per year! So anyone who claims the Singapore FTA causes revenue loss to the Government cannot do basic arithmetic! Mr. Speaker, in conclusion, I call on my fellow members of this House – don’t mislead the public with baseless criticism that is not grounded in facts. Don’t look at petty politics and use these issues for your own political survival.”
I was surprised to read the minister’s speech because an article published in January 2018 in “The Straits Times“, based on information released by the Singaporean Negotiators stated, “…. With the FTA, tariff savings for Singapore exports are estimated to hit $10 million annually“.
As the annual tariff savings (that is the revenue loss for Sri Lanka) calculated by the Singaporean Negotiators, Singaporean $ 10 million (Sri Lankan rupees 1,200 million in 2018) was way above the rupees’ 733 million revenue loss for 15 years estimated by the Sri Lankan negotiators, it was clear to any observer that one of the parties to the agreement had not done the basic arithmetic!
Six years later, according to a report published by “The Morning” newspaper, speaking at the Committee on Public Finance (COPF) on 7th May 2024, Mr Samarawickrama’s chief trade negotiator K.J. Weerasinghehad had admitted “…. that forecasted revenue loss for the Government of Sri Lanka through the Singapore FTA is Rs. 450 million in 2023 and Rs. 1.3 billion in 2024.”
If these numbers are correct, as tariff liberalisation under the SLSFTA has just started, we will pass Rs 2 billion very soon. Then, the question is how Sri Lanka’s trade negotiators made such a colossal blunder. Didn’t they do their basic arithmetic? If they didn’t know how to do basic arithmetic they should have at least done their basic readings. For example, the headline of the article published in The Straits Times in January 2018 was “Singapore, Sri Lanka sign FTA, annual savings of $10m expected”.
Anyway, as Sri Lanka’s chief negotiator reiterated at the COPF meeting that “…. since 99% of the tariffs in Singapore have zero rates of duty, Sri Lanka has agreed on 80% tariff liberalisation over a period of 15 years while expecting Singapore investments to address the imbalance in trade,” let’s turn towards investment.
Investment from Singapore
In July 2018, speaking during the Parliamentary Debate on the FTA this is what Minister Malik Samarawickrama stated on investment from Singapore, “Already, thanks to this FTA, in just the past two-and-a-half months since the agreement came into effect we have received a proposal from Singapore for investment amounting to $ 14.8 billion in an oil refinery for export of petroleum products. In addition, we have proposals for a steel manufacturing plant for exports ($ 1 billion investment), flour milling plant ($ 50 million), sugar refinery ($ 200 million). This adds up to more than $ 16.05 billion in the pipeline on these projects alone.
And all of these projects will create thousands of more jobs for our people. In principle approval has already been granted by the BOI and the investors are awaiting the release of land the environmental approvals to commence the project.
I request the Opposition and those with vested interests to change their narrow-minded thinking and join us to develop our country. We must always look at what is best for the whole community, not just the few who may oppose. We owe it to our people to courageously take decisions that will change their lives for the better.”
According to the media report I quoted earlier, speaking at the Committee on Public Finance (COPF) Chief Negotiator Weerasinghe has admitted that Sri Lanka was not happy with overall Singapore investments that have come in the past few years in return for the trade liberalisation under the Singapore-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement. He has added that between 2021 and 2023 the total investment from Singapore had been around $162 million!
What happened to those projects worth $16 billion negotiated, thanks to the SLSFTA, in just the two-and-a-half months after the agreement came into effect and approved by the BOI? I do not know about the steel manufacturing plant for exports ($ 1 billion investment), flour milling plant ($ 50 million) and sugar refinery ($ 200 million).
However, story of the multibillion-dollar investment in the Petroleum Refinery unfolded in a manner that would qualify it as the best fairy tale with false promises presented by our politicians and the officials, prior to 2019 elections.
Though many Sri Lankans got to know, through the media which repeatedly highlighted a plethora of issues surrounding the project and the questionable credentials of the Singaporean investor, the construction work on the Mirrijiwela Oil Refinery along with the cement factory began on the24th of March 2019 with a bang and Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe and his ministers along with the foreign and local dignitaries laid the foundation stones.
That was few months before the 2019 Presidential elections. Inaugurating the construction work Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe said the projects will create thousands of job opportunities in the area and surrounding districts.
The oil refinery, which was to be built over 200 acres of land, with the capacity to refine 200,000 barrels of crude oil per day, was to generate US$7 billion of exports and create 1,500 direct and 3,000 indirect jobs. The construction of the refinery was to be completed in 44 months. Four years later, in August 2023 the Cabinet of Ministers approved the proposal presented by President Ranil Wickremesinghe to cancel the agreement with the investors of the refinery as the project has not been implemented! Can they explain to the country how much money was wasted to produce that fairy tale?
It is obvious that the President, ministers, and officials had made huge blunders and had deliberately misled the public and the parliament on the revenue loss and potential investment from SLSFTA with fairy tales and false promises.
As the president himself said, a country cannot be developed by making false promises or with fairy tales and these false promises and fairy tales had bankrupted the country. “Unfortunately, many segments of the population have not come to realize this yet”.
(The writer, a specialist and an activist on trade and development issues . )
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