Features
What undermined SL? Its own myths and corrupt practices or western conspiracies?
By Chandre Dharmawardana
chandre.dharma@yahoo.ca
Conspiracies attributed “to the deep state” and their exposure seem to be the order of the day. Princeton educated sociologists, as well as populist politicians like Wimal Weerawansa, are examples of this genre of activists where they delight in writing about “deep state machinations”. Has the American Ambassador, in Colombo, declared these “fictional writings”, so giving the authors someone who picks up the hat?
Their writings are also part and parcel of “identity politics”, neo-nationalist rhetoric, as well as the chronically atrophied politics of Marxist analysts who still continue to quote from Rosa Luxembourg or Antonio Gramsci!
All of them eye the West with deep suspicion and actively engage in fear mongering for political gain. This activity even transforms into support and justification of the most heinous acts of the Russians or the Chinese, while being totally insensitive to the massacre of innocent civilians by Putin and his Wagner fighters, led by Evgueni Prigojine.
The US, too, as insensitive as ever, shows no improvement from the days when the people cried, “Yankee go home”. The US follows its concept of ‘manifest destiny‘ and imagines itself to be the “policeman of the world”, while ending up being the “bully of the world”. These insensitive policies are intellectually supported by Ayan Randian libertarian thinking, made respectable by great economists like von Hayek and von Mieses.
But the practical reasons for the military agenda are found in the enormous profits made by arms merchants, oil merchants as well as tech companies during any war, when governments buy arms, using public funds. The public gets impoverished while rich oligarchs, be they American, Russian, Chinese or Arab and Indian, get even richer and even more powerful. Meanwhile, Switzerland chooses to be neutral, and allows the oligarchs to hoard their money in Helvetia!
The US insists on “Human Rights” from weak nations, and blacklists people on mere NGO hearsay when it fits its agenda. It suppresses evidence of war crimes against its own leaders and its own soldiers. It props up odious dictators and topples democratic governments that it doesn’t like. Countries like Canada, too, find it politically convenient and economically and militarily necessary to follow the USA, as they exist in the shadow of the big bully and fear the Russian bear.
So, this bullying by powerful nations, like the US, applies not only to Sri Lanka, but also to other small nations that have nevertheless prospered. Small nations that are neighbours of Russia or China also have to accept a degradation of their sovereignty and “Finlandize”, a term that defined the Soviet union’s relationship with Finland.
Nation like Vietnam and Cuba (to give just two examples) were existentially affected by the US. Vietnam faced a full-scale open war and not mere “machinations”. The division of Pakistan into two, and the conversion of the Western part of old Pakistan into a military-dominated state, at the beck and call of the US, had much to do with US foreign policy. But countries, like Bangladesh and Vietnam, have overcome all that and made progress.
Vietnam has not stagnated at asking for damages from the West; instead, even while being Communist it has collaborated with Monsanto and other Western multinationals. Monsanto made ‘agent orange’, on orders by the US Army that used it to defoliate Vietnam’s forests, destroy its vegetation and rice paddies. But Monsanto has advanced agricultural technologies, and Vietnam knows their importance.
Today, Vietnam has set up a biotechnology lab, with the help of Monsanto scientists (some of the best in the world), and proceeded to modernize its agriculture. It has recognized that the power of the West resides in its control of technology, and moved to acquire that technology. Japan, China, under Den Xio Ping, South Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, have made major progress, using the same logic.
In Sri Lanka, in contrast, the successive governments were infiltrated by local Lysenkos and self-proclaimed “expert advisors” on agriculture. A number of “nationalist” news channels supported them, claiming to create a “toxin-free” nation, dear to Champika Ranawaka. While Sri Lanka has extensive capacity to become self-reliant on food, their so-called “sync with nature” policies destroyed Sri Lanka’s agricultural sector (https://www.realclearmarkets.com/articles/2023/01/05/the_us_must_learn_from_sri_lankas).
The JVP and other neo-Marxist groups, too, played major negative roles, e.g., in scuttling sugar projects in the Uva-Bibile area, and blocking foreign investments that consequently went to other countries. Their role in destabilizing higher education, and the latter’s impact on scientific progress have to be factored into any analysis. So, we have a tropical country with good arable land, and yet unable to produce its staple foods, or its own sugar, onions, chilies, or even its tear gas!
The country had a big lead in rice breeding, with its scientists leading the world, prior to the setting of the International Rice Research Institute in Manila. Their research provided the means to feed the rapidly increasing population of the country, preventing malnutrition and nearly doubling life expectancy. But misguided activists began to claim that low-yielding but traditional varieties of rice were more “eco-friendly” and also had “immense health benefits”.
In reality, they are less ecofriendly and no health benefits from eating traditional rice have been established; and what is established falls well within the gray area of scientific doubt. All the initial technical advantages that had been built up were back-peddled and Luddite activists, like Vandana Shiva, were presented as the models to follow.
The methods of the “Baas Unnahe” and the “Kattadiya” are cheaper than those of the engineer and the medical man. Appointing a “party man”, even if he were a “kattadiya” became the accepted approach. An attitude of “cutting corners”
to achieve immediate objectives, irrespective of industry standards, fitted into this scheme, nourished by corruption. For instance, Sri Lanka, when it was Ceylon, had safe railroads set up according to technical specifications, using stone beds and wooden sleepers to position the metal rails. It had an engineering shop, at Ratmalana, second to none in the region. However, within decades after Ceylon became Sri Lanka, rail tracks were being laid on bare ground!
Similarly, Sri Lanka had immense initial experience in hydroelectricity and reservoir construction. This knowledge was not harnessed into Sri Lanka becoming a world consultant in hydroelectricity. Instead, a politicized Ceylon Electricity Bureaucracy (CEB) came into being, without a research and development arm.
Instead of the CEB becoming an innovative organization, it became an Albatross that wouldn’t allow the country to move away from commission-generating fossil-fuels. That benefited the corrupt politicians and their select bureaucrats.
The CEB had no interest in the immense possibilities that Sri Lanka has on developing bio fuels from local inedible oils (e.g., castor, rubber seed) that can be cheaply and rapidly deployed. Its engineers prevented any serious analysis of the potential for solar and wind energies, until circumstances forced them. Even today, the incredible potential of heat pumps, to save electricity, has not dawned on the electricity planners.
While the private sector moved ahead to set up dendro-energy generation, using fast-growing wood like “giricidia”, the CBE put all possible obstacles, e.g. by not authorizing connections to the grid. That, too, has not kept pace with the nation’s needs.
The CEB’s managers, its union bosses, and its successive minsters of energy, are surely not part of the Western “Deep State” Conspiracy, or India’s RAW in action – they are a part of a national myopia and a resultant entrenched corruption. This was given free reign by JRJ’s belief that “robber barons” will develop the country even if they rob it.
Well, the robber barons have robbed it of its wealth, and then indebted it to foreign lenders and robbed the loan money as well! The sovereign-bond loans jumped up during the Yahapalanaya period when the Treasury-bond scam also happened. Gotabaya Rajapaksa, and his novice advisors, failed to see that they inherited a bombshell from the Yahapalanites, and proceeded to ignite it by destroying any revenue sources by generous handouts, cutting taxes, and undermining agriculture, even while facing a pandemic.
But the likes of Wimal Weerawansa and other Cabinet rebels got little or nothing from Basil’s power, and so they loosened the pegs holding the Gotabaya government, without anticipating the possibility of an Aragalaya.
If the “deep state” actually came to take advantage of the disaster, by supporting the Aragalaya, it is merely profiting from the events. Sri Lanka’s problems are rooted in its own irrational populist, nationalist, eco-extremist, and chronic Marxist ideologies. These support confrontation among employees and employers, investors and rural people, or among ethnic or religious groups, and claim that the “end justifies the means”.
by Dr Gotabhya Ranasinghe
Senior Consultant Cardiologist
National Hospital Sri Lanka
When we sought a meeting with Hon Dr. Ramesh Pathirana, Minister of Health, he graciously cleared his busy schedule to accommodate us. Renowned for his attentive listening and deep understanding, Minister Pathirana is dedicated to advancing the health sector. His openness and transparency exemplify the qualities of an exemplary politician and minister.
Dr. Palitha Mahipala, the current Health Secretary, demonstrates both commendable enthusiasm and unwavering support. This combination of attributes makes him a highly compatible colleague for the esteemed Minister of Health.
Our discussion centered on a project that has been in the works for the past 30 years, one that no other minister had managed to advance.
Minister Pathirana, however, recognized the project’s significance and its potential to revolutionize care for heart patients.
The project involves the construction of a state-of-the-art facility at the premises of the National Hospital Colombo. The project’s location within the premises of the National Hospital underscores its importance and relevance to the healthcare infrastructure of the nation.
This facility will include a cardiology building and a tertiary care center, equipped with the latest technology to handle and treat all types of heart-related conditions and surgeries.
Securing funding was a major milestone for this initiative. Minister Pathirana successfully obtained approval for a $40 billion loan from the Asian Development Bank. With the funding in place, the foundation stone is scheduled to be laid in September this year, and construction will begin in January 2025.
This project guarantees a consistent and uninterrupted supply of stents and related medications for heart patients. As a result, patients will have timely access to essential medical supplies during their treatment and recovery. By securing these critical resources, the project aims to enhance patient outcomes, minimize treatment delays, and maintain the highest standards of cardiac care.
Upon its fruition, this monumental building will serve as a beacon of hope and healing, symbolizing the unwavering dedication to improving patient outcomes and fostering a healthier society.We anticipate a future marked by significant progress and positive outcomes in Sri Lanka’s cardiovascular treatment landscape within the foreseeable timeframe.
by Fr. Emmanuel Fernando, OMI
Jesuit Fr. Aloysius Pieris (affectionately called Fr. Aloy) celebrated his 90th birthday on April 9, 2024 and I, as the editor of our Oblate Journal, THE MISSIONARY OBLATE had gone to press by that time. Immediately I decided to publish an article, appreciating the untiring selfless services he continues to offer for inter-Faith dialogue, the renewal of the Catholic Church, his concern for the poor and the suffering Sri Lankan masses and to me, the present writer.
It was in 1988, when I was appointed Director of the Oblate Scholastics at Ampitiya by the then Oblate Provincial Fr. Anselm Silva, that I came to know Fr. Aloy more closely. Knowing well his expertise in matters spiritual, theological, Indological and pastoral, and with the collaborative spirit of my companion-formators, our Oblate Scholastics were sent to Tulana, the Research and Encounter Centre, Kelaniya, of which he is the Founder-Director, for ‘exposure-programmes’ on matters spiritual, biblical, theological and pastoral. Some of these dimensions according to my view and that of my companion-formators, were not available at the National Seminary, Ampitiya.
Ever since that time, our Oblate formators/ accompaniers at the Oblate Scholasticate, Ampitiya , have continued to send our Oblate Scholastics to Tulana Centre for deepening their insights and convictions regarding matters needed to serve the people in today’s context. Fr. Aloy also had tried very enthusiastically with the Oblate team headed by Frs. Oswald Firth and Clement Waidyasekara to begin a Theologate, directed by the Religious Congregations in Sri Lanka, for the contextual formation/ accompaniment of their members. It should very well be a desired goal of the Leaders / Provincials of the Religious Congregations.
Besides being a formator/accompanier at the Oblate Scholasticate, I was entrusted also with the task of editing and publishing our Oblate journal, ‘The Missionary Oblate’. To maintain the quality of the journal I continue to depend on Fr. Aloy for his thought-provoking and stimulating articles on Biblical Spirituality, Biblical Theology and Ecclesiology. I am very grateful to him for his generous assistance. Of late, his writings on renewal of the Church, initiated by Pope St. John XX111 and continued by Pope Francis through the Synodal path, published in our Oblate journal, enable our readers to focus their attention also on the needed renewal in the Catholic Church in Sri Lanka. Fr. Aloy appreciated very much the Synodal path adopted by the Jesuit Pope Francis for the renewal of the Church, rooted very much on prayerful discernment. In my Religious and presbyteral life, Fr.Aloy continues to be my spiritual animator / guide and ongoing formator / acccompanier.
Fr. Aloysius Pieris, BA Hons (Lond), LPh (SHC, India), STL (PFT, Naples), PhD (SLU/VC), ThD (Tilburg), D.Ltt (KU), has been one of the eminent Asian theologians well recognized internationally and one who has lectured and held visiting chairs in many universities both in the West and in the East. Many members of Religious Congregations from Asian countries have benefited from his lectures and guidance in the East Asian Pastoral Institute (EAPI) in Manila, Philippines. He had been a Theologian consulted by the Federation of Asian Bishops’ Conferences for many years. During his professorship at the Gregorian University in Rome, he was called to be a member of a special group of advisers on other religions consulted by Pope Paul VI.
Fr. Aloy is the author of more than 30 books and well over 500 Research Papers. Some of his books and articles have been translated and published in several countries. Among those books, one can find the following: 1) The Genesis of an Asian Theology of Liberation (An Autobiographical Excursus on the Art of Theologising in Asia, 2) An Asian Theology of Liberation, 3) Providential Timeliness of Vatican 11 (a long-overdue halt to a scandalous millennium, 4) Give Vatican 11 a chance, 5) Leadership in the Church, 6) Relishing our faith in working for justice (Themes for study and discussion), 7) A Message meant mainly, not exclusively for Jesuits (Background information necessary for helping Francis renew the Church), 8) Lent in Lanka (Reflections and Resolutions, 9) Love meets wisdom (A Christian Experience of Buddhism, 10) Fire and Water 11) God’s Reign for God’s poor, 12) Our Unhiddden Agenda (How we Jesuits work, pray and form our men). He is also the Editor of two journals, Vagdevi, Journal of Religious Reflection and Dialogue, New Series.
Fr. Aloy has a BA in Pali and Sanskrit from the University of London and a Ph.D in Buddhist Philosophy from the University of Sri Lankan, Vidyodaya Campus. On Nov. 23, 2019, he was awarded the prestigious honorary Doctorate of Literature (D.Litt) by the Chancellor of the University of Kelaniya, the Most Venerable Welamitiyawe Dharmakirthi Sri Kusala Dhamma Thera.
Fr. Aloy continues to be a promoter of Gospel values and virtues. Justice as a constitutive dimension of love and social concern for the downtrodden masses are very much noted in his life and work. He had very much appreciated the commitment of the late Fr. Joseph (Joe) Fernando, the National Director of the Social and Economic Centre (SEDEC) for the poor.
In Sri Lanka, a few religious Congregations – the Good Shepherd Sisters, the Christian Brothers, the Marist Brothers and the Oblates – have invited him to animate their members especially during their Provincial Congresses, Chapters and International Conferences. The mainline Christian Churches also have sought his advice and followed his seminars. I, for one, regret very much, that the Sri Lankan authorities of the Catholic Church –today’s Hierarchy—- have not sought Fr.
Aloy’s expertise for the renewal of the Catholic Church in Sri Lanka and thus have not benefited from the immense store of wisdom and insight that he can offer to our local Church while the Sri Lankan bishops who governed the Catholic church in the immediate aftermath of the Second Vatican Council (Edmund Fernando OMI, Anthony de Saram, Leo Nanayakkara OSB, Frank Marcus Fernando, Paul Perera,) visited him and consulted him on many matters. Among the Tamil Bishops, Bishop Rayappu Joseph was keeping close contact with him and Bishop J. Deogupillai hosted him and his team visiting him after the horrible Black July massacre of Tamils.
Sri Lanka-Singapore Free Trade Agreement
By Gomi Senadhira
senadhiragomi@gmail.com
“You might tell fairy tales, but the progress of a country cannot be achieved through such narratives. A country cannot be developed by making false promises. The country moved backward because of the electoral promises made by political parties throughout time. We have witnessed that the ultimate result of this is the country becoming bankrupt. Unfortunately, many segments of the population have not come to realize this yet.” – President Ranil Wickremesinghe, 2024 Budget speech
Any Sri Lankan would agree with the above words of President Wickremesinghe on the false promises our politicians and officials make and the fairy tales they narrate which bankrupted this country. So, to understand this, let’s look at one such fairy tale with lots of false promises; Ranil Wickremesinghe’s greatest achievement in the area of international trade and investment promotion during the Yahapalana period, Sri Lanka-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (SLSFTA).
It is appropriate and timely to do it now as Finance Minister Wickremesinghe has just presented to parliament a bill on the National Policy on Economic Transformation which includes the establishment of an Office for International Trade and the Sri Lanka Institute of Economics and International Trade.
Was SLSFTA a “Cleverly negotiated Free Trade Agreement” as stated by the (former) Minister of Development Strategies and International Trade Malik Samarawickrama during the Parliamentary Debate on the SLSFTA in July 2018, or a colossal blunder covered up with lies, false promises, and fairy tales? After SLSFTA was signed there were a number of fairy tales published on this agreement by the Ministry of Development Strategies and International, Institute of Policy Studies, and others.
However, for this article, I would like to limit my comments to the speech by Minister Samarawickrama during the Parliamentary Debate, and the two most important areas in the agreement which were covered up with lies, fairy tales, and false promises, namely: revenue loss for Sri Lanka and Investment from Singapore. On the other important area, “Waste products dumping” I do not want to comment here as I have written extensively on the issue.
1. The revenue loss
During the Parliamentary Debate in July 2018, Minister Samarawickrama stated “…. let me reiterate that this FTA with Singapore has been very cleverly negotiated by us…. The liberalisation programme under this FTA has been carefully designed to have the least impact on domestic industry and revenue collection. We have included all revenue sensitive items in the negative list of items which will not be subject to removal of tariff. Therefore, 97.8% revenue from Customs duty is protected. Our tariff liberalisation will take place over a period of 12-15 years! In fact, the revenue earned through tariffs on goods imported from Singapore last year was Rs. 35 billion.
The revenue loss for over the next 15 years due to the FTA is only Rs. 733 million– which when annualised, on average, is just Rs. 51 million. That is just 0.14% per year! So anyone who claims the Singapore FTA causes revenue loss to the Government cannot do basic arithmetic! Mr. Speaker, in conclusion, I call on my fellow members of this House – don’t mislead the public with baseless criticism that is not grounded in facts. Don’t look at petty politics and use these issues for your own political survival.”
I was surprised to read the minister’s speech because an article published in January 2018 in “The Straits Times“, based on information released by the Singaporean Negotiators stated, “…. With the FTA, tariff savings for Singapore exports are estimated to hit $10 million annually“.
As the annual tariff savings (that is the revenue loss for Sri Lanka) calculated by the Singaporean Negotiators, Singaporean $ 10 million (Sri Lankan rupees 1,200 million in 2018) was way above the rupees’ 733 million revenue loss for 15 years estimated by the Sri Lankan negotiators, it was clear to any observer that one of the parties to the agreement had not done the basic arithmetic!
Six years later, according to a report published by “The Morning” newspaper, speaking at the Committee on Public Finance (COPF) on 7th May 2024, Mr Samarawickrama’s chief trade negotiator K.J. Weerasinghehad had admitted “…. that forecasted revenue loss for the Government of Sri Lanka through the Singapore FTA is Rs. 450 million in 2023 and Rs. 1.3 billion in 2024.”
If these numbers are correct, as tariff liberalisation under the SLSFTA has just started, we will pass Rs 2 billion very soon. Then, the question is how Sri Lanka’s trade negotiators made such a colossal blunder. Didn’t they do their basic arithmetic? If they didn’t know how to do basic arithmetic they should have at least done their basic readings. For example, the headline of the article published in The Straits Times in January 2018 was “Singapore, Sri Lanka sign FTA, annual savings of $10m expected”.
Anyway, as Sri Lanka’s chief negotiator reiterated at the COPF meeting that “…. since 99% of the tariffs in Singapore have zero rates of duty, Sri Lanka has agreed on 80% tariff liberalisation over a period of 15 years while expecting Singapore investments to address the imbalance in trade,” let’s turn towards investment.
Investment from Singapore
In July 2018, speaking during the Parliamentary Debate on the FTA this is what Minister Malik Samarawickrama stated on investment from Singapore, “Already, thanks to this FTA, in just the past two-and-a-half months since the agreement came into effect we have received a proposal from Singapore for investment amounting to $ 14.8 billion in an oil refinery for export of petroleum products. In addition, we have proposals for a steel manufacturing plant for exports ($ 1 billion investment), flour milling plant ($ 50 million), sugar refinery ($ 200 million). This adds up to more than $ 16.05 billion in the pipeline on these projects alone.
And all of these projects will create thousands of more jobs for our people. In principle approval has already been granted by the BOI and the investors are awaiting the release of land the environmental approvals to commence the project.
I request the Opposition and those with vested interests to change their narrow-minded thinking and join us to develop our country. We must always look at what is best for the whole community, not just the few who may oppose. We owe it to our people to courageously take decisions that will change their lives for the better.”
According to the media report I quoted earlier, speaking at the Committee on Public Finance (COPF) Chief Negotiator Weerasinghe has admitted that Sri Lanka was not happy with overall Singapore investments that have come in the past few years in return for the trade liberalisation under the Singapore-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement. He has added that between 2021 and 2023 the total investment from Singapore had been around $162 million!
What happened to those projects worth $16 billion negotiated, thanks to the SLSFTA, in just the two-and-a-half months after the agreement came into effect and approved by the BOI? I do not know about the steel manufacturing plant for exports ($ 1 billion investment), flour milling plant ($ 50 million) and sugar refinery ($ 200 million).
However, story of the multibillion-dollar investment in the Petroleum Refinery unfolded in a manner that would qualify it as the best fairy tale with false promises presented by our politicians and the officials, prior to 2019 elections.
Though many Sri Lankans got to know, through the media which repeatedly highlighted a plethora of issues surrounding the project and the questionable credentials of the Singaporean investor, the construction work on the Mirrijiwela Oil Refinery along with the cement factory began on the24th of March 2019 with a bang and Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe and his ministers along with the foreign and local dignitaries laid the foundation stones.
That was few months before the 2019 Presidential elections. Inaugurating the construction work Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe said the projects will create thousands of job opportunities in the area and surrounding districts.
The oil refinery, which was to be built over 200 acres of land, with the capacity to refine 200,000 barrels of crude oil per day, was to generate US$7 billion of exports and create 1,500 direct and 3,000 indirect jobs. The construction of the refinery was to be completed in 44 months. Four years later, in August 2023 the Cabinet of Ministers approved the proposal presented by President Ranil Wickremesinghe to cancel the agreement with the investors of the refinery as the project has not been implemented! Can they explain to the country how much money was wasted to produce that fairy tale?
It is obvious that the President, ministers, and officials had made huge blunders and had deliberately misled the public and the parliament on the revenue loss and potential investment from SLSFTA with fairy tales and false promises.
As the president himself said, a country cannot be developed by making false promises or with fairy tales and these false promises and fairy tales had bankrupted the country. “Unfortunately, many segments of the population have not come to realize this yet”.
(The writer, a specialist and an activist on trade and development issues . )
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